Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
A nonexhaustive list of future work expected to contribute to
the further understanding and use of GNPs in photothermal
therapy follows:
Bohren, C. and Huffman, D. (1983)
Absorption and scattering of
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Chem. Rev,
105, 1025-1102.
Carlson, M. T., Khan, A. and Richardson, H. H. (2011) Local tem-
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and nanodots.
Nano Letters,
11, 1061-1069.
Chen, J., Saeki, F., Wiley, B. J. et al. (2005) Gold nanocages:
Bioconjugation and their potential use as optical imaging
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Nano Letters,
5, 473-477.
Cheong, W., Prahl, S. and Welch, A. (1990) A review of the optical
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IEEE Journal of Quantum
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71,
2959.
Chithrani, B. and Chan, W. (2007) Elucidating the mechanism
of cellular uptake and removal of protein-coated gold
nanoparticles of different sizes and shapes.
Nano Lett,
7,
1542-1550.
Chithrani, B. D., Ghazani, A. A. and Chan, W. C. W. (2006)
Determining the size and shape dependence of gold
nanoparticle uptake into mammalian cells.
Nano Letters,
6,
662-668.
Chou, L. Y. T., Ming, K. and Chan, W. C. W. (2011) Strategies for
the intracellular delivery of nanoparticles.
Chemical Society
Reviews,
40, 233-245.
Clinicaltrials.Gov. Study Number Nct00392119, Nct00787982,
Nct00356980, and Nct00848042.
Cole, J. R., Mirin, N. A., Knight, M. W. et al. (2009) Photothermal
efficiencies of nanoshells and nanorods for clinical thera-
peutic applications.
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approach for subwavelength molecular surgery using gene-
specific positioned metal nanoparticles as laser light anten-
nas.
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Daniel, M. and Astruc, D. (2004) Gold nanoparticles: Assembly,
supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related proper-
ties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nano-
technology.
Chemical Reviews,
104, 293-346.
Day, E. S., Morton, J. G. and West, J. L. (2009) Nanoparticles
for thermal cancer therapy.
Journal of Biomechanical
Engineering,
131, 074001-5.
• Improved understanding of laser light movement in tis-
sues with and without GNP loading
• Improved understanding and measurement of optical
properties of GNP laden tissue
• Improved (noninvasive and accurate) assessment of GNP
intra-organ biodistribution (tumor and RES organs)
• Enhanced tumor uptake of NP and reduced RES organ
capture through NP design
• Real-time thermometry to monitor the laser nanoparticle
treatment and dose estimation
• Efficient and accurate pretreatment planning and intraop-
erative tools incorporating the GNP biodistribution and
thermometry
• Demonstration and use of enhanced cell injury mecha-
nisms (thermal and nonthermal) from GNPs during CW
and pulsed laser treatment
• Development of adjuvants for GNP photothermal therapy
that allow improved cancer destruction.
In summary, NP laser photothermal therapy is an exciting
area made possible by the unique optical and transport prop-
erties of GNPs and tissue. Continued work on biodistribution,
targeting, and absorption properties of GNPs and in image guid-
ance, thermometry, and adjuvant use will continue to improve
this important new minimally invasive cancer treatment in the
years to come.
acknowledgments
The authors thank bio-heat mass transfer (BHMT) lab members
(Michael Etheridge and Neha Shah) for the careful reading and
comments of the manuscript. This work is supported partially
by Minnesota Futures grant from the University of Minnesota.
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