Nanotechnology for Detection of Waterborne Pathogens - Waterborne Pathogens: Detection Methods and Applications - page 289

Table 9.1 Overview of how nanotechnology has been applied to the detection of waterborne pathogens
Pathogen Nanomaterial Recognition Detection method Efficiency/detection limit Reference

E. coli O157:H7 Quantum dots Biotinylated

antibody

Fluorescence
microscopy

Two orders more
sensitive than
conventional dyes

13

Quantum dots and
magnetic NPs

Antibody Fluorometry 100 times more sensitive

than FITC

11

10 4 bacteria mL −1 Quantum dots Fim-H mannose-

specific lectin

Fluorometry 17

Dye-doped silica NPs Antibody Plate counting/flow

cytometry

1-400 E. coli within
20 min

25

1.6 × 10 1 to
7.2 × 10 7 cfu mL −1

Surface plating 63

10 4 -10 5 cfu mL −1

Magnetic NPs Antibody IR spectroscopy 64

ATP bioluminescence 20 cfu mL −1 65

AuNPs Antibody Microscope and

visual

10 ng 52

S. saprophyticus Magnetic NPs Vancomycin MALDI-MS 7 × 10 4 cfu mL −1 in urine 71

S. aureus Magnetic NPs Vancomycin MALDI-MS 7 × 10 4 cfu mL −1 in urine 71

CCMV Antibody Test strip Visual detection 34

AuNPs Antibody I.C. assay test device 100% sensitivity 42

Cholera toxin Liposomes Gangliosides Fluoroimmunoassay 1 nM 28

AuNPs Thiolated lactose Test strip 10 fg mL −1 in 20 min 29

Visual and UV-Vis 10 min 45

Salmonella AuNPs Antibody Test strip Red dots appearance in

2 h

43

Salmonella enteritidis Au and magnetic NPs DNA assay Fluorescence 1 ng mL −1 68

H. pylori AuNPs Antibody SEM 10 ng 52