Electrochemical Detection - Waterborne Pathogens: Detection Methods and Applications - page 170

with different miniaturized elements for automatic multisteps operations
(e.g. microfiltration, ultraconcentration, microlysis, micromixer, etc.) in
analytical microsystems (i.e. lab-on-a-chip platform), and their integration
within wireless networks is probably the route of choice to ensure com-
mercial success. The issue of calibration and conditioning of the biorecog-
nition species poses challenging questions. The rapid development of new
recognition elements and nanoscale transduction electrodes is now playing
an important role to fill this gap. We are convinced that electrochemical
devices will play a central role in the future deployment of autonomous
microsystems for water quality management. Although an “old” technique,
electrochemistry is still a field of intense fundamental research at the inter-
section between microtechnology and nanotechnology, chemistry, biology,
and physics. New experimental approaches (i.e. electrochemical scanning
probe microscopy) and theoretical understanding (i.e. mechanisms govern-
ing bioreceptor-nanomaterial interactions and induced electron transfer) are
reported constantly in the literature. This co-development and progress of
experiment and theory is the perfect methodology to design viable com-
mercial products in the future. 170
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