Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
Augend
Augend
Augend
Augend
+
+
+
+
Addend
Addend
Addend
Addend
=
=
=
=
Event: 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 5
Event: 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 5
Event: 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 5
6
6
6
Event 1: Attention of figure
Event 2: Interpretation of figure
Event 3: Memory of figure
Event 4: Confirmation of work
Event 5: Addition
Event 6: Memory of sum
Event 1: Attention of figure
Event 2: Interpretation of figure
Event 3: Memory of figure
Event 4: Confirmation of work
Event 5: Addition
Event 6: Memory of sum
A
A
Event 1
Event 1
Events 3, 4, 5, 6
Events 3, 4, 5, 6
E
E
B
B
D
D
Event 2
Event 2
Function A: Executive attention
Function B: Visual orienting
Function C: Visual features
Function D: Word meanings
Function E: Working memory
Function A: Executive attention
Function B: Visual orienting
Function C: Visual features
Function D: Word meanings
Function E: Working memory
Event 1
Event 1
C
C
Fig. 1.
Human computation processing
on-task Level 1 (ex. 13+51=64)
on-task Level 1 (ex. 13+51=64)
on-task Level 1 (ex. 13+51=64)
1
1
1
13
13
13
13+
13+
13+
13+5
13+5
13+5
13+51
13+51
13+51
13+51=
13+51=
13+51=
on-task Level 2 (ex. 37+24=61)
on-task Level 2 (ex. 37+24=61)
on-task Level 2 (ex. 37+24=61)
3
3
3
37
37
37
37+
37+
37+
37+2
37+2
37+2
37+24
37+24
37+24
37+24=
37+24=
37+24=
off-task (ex. 2, 5, 8, 1, 7, 4
…
)
off-task (ex. 2, 5, 8, 1, 7, 4
…
)
off-task (ex. 2, 5, 8, 1, 7, 4
…
)
…
…
2
2
2
25
25
25
258
258
258
2581
2581
2581
25817
25817
25817
258174
258174
258174
Fig. 2.
An experimental design with two diculty levels
spatiotemporal features and flow of the computation processing, as well as its
neural basis by comparing in different diculty levels.
3.2
Trigger Signal, Timing Diagram and Measurement Conditions
In order to derive ERP data, the trigger signal is fired with an interesting event
since it is necessary to obtain ERP by the addition average based on the signal
after measured. In this study, since we pay attention to each event of “augend”,
“plus”, “addend”, and “equal” presentations in computation activities, the pre-
trigger was set to 200 msec, and an addition between two digits is recorded in
2000 msec, respectively. Figure 3 provides an example of the timing diagram, in
which “Au” denotes an augend, “Ad” denotes an addend, and “Rn” denotes a
random number. Furthermore, for the addition with 2 digits, “Au 1” and “Ad 1”
are the most significant digit (MSD) of augend, and “Au 2” and “Ad 2” are the
least significant digit (LSD) of augend, respectively. Moreover, the number from
Rn 1 to Rn 8 in the off-task is 1-digit random number.
The EEG activity was recorded using a 128 channel BrainAmp amplifier
(Brain Products, Munich, Germany) with a 128 electrode cap. The electrode cap
is
based on an
extended
international 10-20 system.
Furthermore, eye
