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classical computation design and development [25]. From functionality principle
computer, as machine, is diametrically different from human. Therefore people are
educated to understand computers, to think like computers. It is simply observable
that as greater difference exist at interaction between human and computer as more
efforts must be spent to eliminate human-computer gap (gulf of execution, gulf of
evaluation) [24].
We can heavy change the human computable design, but we can decide how “
ma-
chine
” computation is designed. Therefore related science of cognitive psychology
and modeling is positively contributive by studying and testing brain functions. In
presented hypothesis we understand human functions as special cases of “
computa-
tion and communication
” not strictly limited to physical brain activity (see chapter
fifth for details).
2.4 Discussion: Questions Identified
We have briefly listed main open problems of computer science. In future researchers
would like to handle physical, theoretical and human-computer walls as presented.
Therefore these walls represent the main motivation for alternative computation. By
considering alternative computing approaches we may push forward several research
questions.
•
Does the computation have to be processed exactly by the way of classical compu-
tation?
•
What is necessary to change in computer science (research paradigm) to not face
these walls/problems, what is possible to do to resolve these problems?
Is there any way of computation/communication not restricted to these theoretical,
physical, HCI walls?
•
•
Beside the artificial TM, is there any natural model which is more powerful and
more efficient?
•
If there is any, what are the main limitations/walls of such approach?
3 Related Work: Alternative Computation
As mentioned in previous chapter, open problems, walls are the main motivation for
alternative computable approaches. In searching responses for questions as arisen
from faced walls (see critical review above) and to propose novel inspiration in alter-
native natural computation [17], let us cite from [28]:
“
The universe doesn't need to calculate, it just does it. We can take the computa-
tional stance, and view many physical, chemical and biological processes as if they
were computations: the Principle of Least Action “computes” the shortest path for
light and bodies in free fall; water “computes” its own level; evolution “computes”
fitter organisms; DNA and morphogenesis “computes” phenotypes; the immune
system “computes” antigen recognition. This natural computation can be more effec-
tive than a digital simulation. Gravitational stellar clusters do not “slow down” if
more stars are added, despite the problem appearing to us to be O(n
2
). And as
