Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
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Data in various kinds of languages: Different nationalities use different lan-
guages, such as English, Chinese, Arabic, and so on. Therefore, the data in
different languages have been produced.
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Geographical data: The geographical data describe the geographical situa-
tions and changes in our countries or areas, which include the data related
to space, ocean, earth, country, etc.
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Life data: The life data implicate a great deal of life characteristics and
information, which include DNA sequence data, protein sequence data, and
cognitive and medical brain data, etc.
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Cultural and social data: The cultural and social data describe the develop-
ment of the human being and the society, which include human behaviors,
economic data, etc.
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Internet data: The Internet data are dispersed in the Internet. They are
easy to access, but contain numerous garbage and viruses. The appearance
of Internet data makes the data in computer systems to show more natural
features.
The formats of the data in data nature include:
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Special format data: The special format data are the data produced by pro-
fessional digital equipments, such as medical image data (including x-ray,
MRI, CT, EEG, etc.), cognitive brain image data, GIS data, multimedia
data, which can be collected and processed by professional equipments or
software.
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General format data: The general format data are the data stored in general
format. In the early stage of computer applications, most of data are stored in
relational databases and managed by general database management systems,
such as Oracle or DB2. These data have clear structures and are easy to
process.
The mass unknown data in computer systems are the basis of data nature. We
do not know if the data from the Internet are true; we query the same object
on different websites, but often get different results; maybe in the Internet a
database has indicated that human being will face energy crisis, but we cannot
grasp this knowledge; we input DNA sequences into computers, but we do not
know what they indicate? what law they have? which fragments of DNA make
the differences among people? how genes change during the evolution of species?
whether gene evolution or mutation exists? and so on.
Though human being have produced data and are continuously producing
data, these data have shown various natural features as follows:
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Out of control: The explosive increase of data leads that human cannot com-
pletely control it. Human also cannot control the appearance and spread of
computer viruses, the deluge of SPAMs, the jam of NII (National Informa-
tion Infrastructure) [8] due to network attack, etc.
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Unknown: Since HGP (Human Genome Project) [9] launched, a great amount
of DNA data are stored into computers. However, people do not know what
