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syllogistic evaluation paradigm. Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 software
(http://www.spss.com/).
2.1
Subjects
Thirty paid undergraduate or graduate students from the Beijing University
of Technology participated in the experiments (15 males and 15 females; aged
24.2
2.1 years). All subjects were native Chinese speakers and right-handed,
with normal or corrected-to-normal vision. None of the subjects reported any his-
tory of neurological or psychiatric diseases. All subjects gave informed
consent.
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2.2
Design and Stimuli
The experiments employed one-factor within subject design. Two conditions
were the figure M-P/S-M/S-P and the figure P-M/M-S/S-P, respectively. Each
subject received 90 figure M-P/S-M/S-P tasks and 90 figure P-M/M-S/S-P tasks.
Examples were showed in Table 1. All the stimuli were selected or adapted from
previous studies. The ROIs were major premise, minor premise, and conclusion,
respectively.
Table 1.
Examples of tasks (translated from Chinese)
Figure M-P/S-M/S-P
Major premise: All Greeks are the whites.
Minor premise: Some people are Greeks.
Conclusion: Some people are the whites.
Figure P-M/M-S/S-P
Major premise: Some integers are natural numbers.
Minor premise: All natural numbers are real numbers.
Conclusion: Some real numbers are integers.
2.3
Apparatus and Procedure
The syllogistic reasoning tasks were presented by Tobii Studio with the sampling
rate of 60 Hz, and the monitor's resolution was 1024
768 pixel. Subjects were
tested individually in a soundproof and comfortable room with soft light. All the
sentences were presented in “Song” font with average length of 9 characters. The
premises and conclusion were presented simultaneously and the procedure was
showed in Fig. 2. Subject was seated in front of the monitor 60 cm away and the
calibration of the eye tracker was performed. The syllogisms were presented one
by one in a same pseudorandom order to each subject. Although subjects were
given enough time to complete the tasks, they were instructed to judge whether
the given conclusion was “true” and “false” instead of the logical terms “valid”
and “invalid” by pressing a button as fast as possible.
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