Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
The most popular way to keep pigs on a small farm is to provide them with a covered, dry
place to sleep next to an outdoor enclosure. This kind of setup allows the pigs to move
around, even if it is a small space. They can be fed and watered in the outdoor enclosure. And,
because pigs prefer to relieve themselves in one particular area of their enclosure, this setup
will allow them room to move away from their feeding station and bedding area and keep the
pen cleaner. If you choose to use this kind of setup, you can convert an existing structure,
such as a shed, or you can build a new structure for your pigs.
Converting existing structures
Often the easiest way to begin keeping pigs is by converting an already-existing structure on
your property, such as an unused shed, a workshop, a lean-to, or an old barn. Ideally, allow a
space that is 5 feet by 7 feet (35 square feet) for sleeping space for each adult sow. Sows will
need more room if they have litters: plan on at least 8 feet by 8 feet (64 sq. feet) for a sow and
litter. For young pigs less than 50 pounds, allow about 4 to 6 square feet per pig. For pigs that
you are growing out (from 50 to 200 pounds), allow about 8 square feet per pig. This assumes
the pigs will have access to a pen when they are not sleeping. You can estimate 1 acre for two
sows and their litters; or 1 acre for 25 young pigs less than 50 pounds; or 1 acre for ten pigs
that weigh between 50 to 200 pounds. If you have less than 1 acre of ground for your pigs,
you can make adjustments in your herd to fit the room you have.
When you convert an existing structure for your pigs, it is usually wise to have it enclosed on
three sides, shielded against the prevailing winds in your area. One side of the shelter should
remain open so the pigs can move into the pen for their feed and water. You may have to cope
with whatever flooring already exists in the structure. Pigs usually do best on a hardwood
floor. Wooden floors are easier on their hooves and legs than concrete and stay cleaner than a
dirt floor. Concrete can be a good choice, provided there are some grooves in the floor to keep
the pigs from slipping.
Remember that floors tend to get wet and can become slippery, so you will need to provide
your pigs with plenty of good, clean bedding. Change out the bedding regularly to keep your
pigs healthy and happy. Pigs traditionally enjoy straw as bedding but you can also use wood
chips or sawdust as a bottom layer. This is a good idea if you have a dirt floor because it will
make the space a little easier to clean. Topping off the wood chips or sawdust with straw will
provide your pigs with something to chew on and keep them comfortable. Soybean stalks or
dusty bedding of any kind is not recommended as they can cause respiratory problems. Aim
