Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
unusual appearance, sitting huddled away from the flock, and decreased egg production. In-
fected birds can be more prone to developing other diseases that can quickly lead to death.
Most birds raised with access to dirt flooring will harbor a few internal parasites. These gener-
ally will not cause symptoms or problems and are not easily transmitted to humans.
Birds get parasites by eating the parasite eggs found on food, in the dirt, or in water. Insects,
earthworms, or snails — all tasty treats for foraging birds — also carry the parasites or their
eggs in their bodies. To control parasites, you can do some specific things:
• Do not overcrowd your shed or outside pens.
• Try to keep wild birds away from your domestic flock.
• Use insecticides, if necessary, to control insects in sheds.
• Change bedding frequently, and keep it dry.
• Remove droppings to keep birds from pecking at them.
• Keep your birds on a quality feed, formulated with plenty of vitamins.
• If you suspect internal parasites, have your local veterinarian identify the species so you
can properly medicate the birds.
Coccidiosis:
This disease is caused by parasites that cause decreased growth and death in
birds. After ingesting the organism in feed or water contaminated with feces, it grows in the
intestine and causes damage to tissues. This damage leads to decreased absorption of nutri-
ents, decreased feed intake, blood loss, and an increased susceptibility to other infections. The
primary symptoms are an outbreak of bloody diarrhea along with lethargic birds that huddle
together with ruffled feathers. These outbreaks are usually related to an increased number of
birds in a small space: The higher the stocking density, or number of birds in a space, the
greater the number of coccidia in a smaller area. With less space per bird, the chances of in-
fection increase because there will be a greater concentration of coccidia. Levels of coccidia
in the digestive tract will not cause much damage, but higher numbers will cause serious
problems. It is usually a more severe problem in young birds. Treatment includes the addition
of coccidiostats — medications that kill coccidia — in the feed or water. Prevention relies on
manure removal, moving birds to fresh ground, and decreasing stocking density in pens.
Internal parasites
Birds quite frequently are exposed to internal parasites by ingesting these organisms in the
feed, water, or soil. Some common internal parasites include ascarids (round worms), cecal
