Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 10.2
ATP release through hemichannels in other cell types
Signaling, pathway of release and physiological and pathological
influence
Tissue/cell type
Types of stimulation
Study
Airway epithelial cells
Cell swelling
Carbenoxolone and probenecid, but not FFA, inhibited ATP release;
attributed to Panx1 hemichannels. Suppression of Panx1 expression
by shRNA inhibited release
[82]
Neurosensory epithelium
inner ear
Photostimulation with
caged IP
3
ATP release through connexin Cx26/Cx30 hemichannels propagates
Ca
2+
signals across inner ear
[3]
Release stimulates Ca
2+
influx via P2X7 receptors leading to T-cell
activation.
Panx1 channels are implicated
T Cells
Cell swelling
T-cell receptor stimulation
[97]
Human microvascular
endothelial cells
Basal release
Hypoxia reduced release through Cx43-serine368 phosphorylation,
which switches Cx43 hemichannels to closed state.
[39]
C6 cells expressing Cx43
Patch clamp studies show that Cx43 hemichannels are permeable to
ATP
[53]
Cultured neurons
Membrane depolarization
Depolarization led to release and ischemic tolerance; inhibited by Cx
hemichannel blockers and by siRNA knockdown of Cx36
[99]
Ovarian granulosa cells
Mechanical stimulation or
EGTA
Cells expressing hemichannels showed dye uptake and ATP release,
although Cx43 hemichannels did not support folliculogenesis,
[115]
Receptor cells in mouse
taste buds
A tastant mix
ATP release mediated through Panx1 hemichannels contributes to
taste transduction
[49]
Neutrophils
fMLP
Release stimulated by fMLP-dependent dephosphorylation Cx43 and
subsequent opening Cx43 hemichannels.
[36]
Articular chondrocytes
Mechanical stimulation or
EGTA
Cx43 hemichannels and P2 receptors form putative mechanoreceptor
complex in cilia
[57]
43
Gap26 inhibited ATP release. A peptide with antiarrhythmic
properties stimulates ATP release under ischemic conditions.
Cardiac myocytes
Simulated ischemia
[21]
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