Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
An emission of N 2 O of 1.52 ( 0.04) Mt CO 2 eq yr 1 and a slight sink of
CH 4 ( 0.08 0.001 Mt CO 2 eq yr 1 ) has been assessed for the five main crops which
represented 54% of the total harvested land in 2009, excluding rice paddies (Lugato
et al., 2010). Applying the emission factor (EF, kg N 2 O-N/kg extra N) of 0.8% (derived
from the range 0.4 to 0.8% provided by Chapter 9 and 10) to the total amount of
fertilizer N consumed in Italy in 2009 (514.480 tons of N) (FAOSTAT 2014 ) and con-
sidering a similar flux strength for the remaining Italian harvested land, the total amount
of N 2 O emissions in CO 2 equivalent is 1.93 ( 0.09) Mt CO 2 eq yr 1 for 2009 while
the total sink of CH 4 (excluding rice cultivation) is 0.148 ( 0.002) Mt CO 2 eq yr 1
(Table 1.7 ).
Table 1.8 shows SOC stock variations related to different management prac-
tices, ranging from a carbon sequestration potential of 26-67 g C m 2 y 1 when
Table 1.7 Fluxes of N 2 O and CH 4 , expressed as CO 2 equivalents, in soils of Italian croplands
and woodland crops for year 2009 (rice paddies excluded)
Parameters
Total fluxes of
GHG (Mt CO 2 eq)
Comments
1.93 ( 0.09)
N 2 O
Estimated applying an EF of 0.8 % to total N fertilizer
consumption in 2009 (Chapter 9 and 10) Sum of
0.08 Mt CO 2 eq from modeling simulation
applied to 54 % of national harvested land, and
0.068 Mt CO 2 eq extrapolated applying a similar
GHG source strength (tons CO 2 eq/ha) to the
remaining harvested land (excluding ricepaddies)
(Lugato et al 2010 ).
-0.148 ( 0.002)
CH 4
Table 1.8 SOC stock variations related to different management practices (the negative sign
indicates a sequestration potential)
Parameters
Total carbon
(g C m 2 y
Comments
1 )
SOC—Average annual carbon
loss (with no mitigation
options)
20-50
SOC loss in Italian croplands
Gardi and Sconosciuto ( 2007 ),
Janssens et al. ( 2005 ), Lugato et al.
( 2010 ), Morari et al. ( 2006 ) (Chap. 8 )
16
Calculated as difference between 1990
and 2000 (Chap. 8 )
SOC—Annual carbon loss
(with no mitigation options)
Permanent set a side or zero
tillage
40
Carbon sequestration potential in soils
of mitigation options in Italian crop-
lands. Freibauer et al. ( 2004 ), Smith
et al. ( 2000a , b ) (Chap. 8 )
60
Perennial crops or deep rooting
crops
50
Change from conventional to
organic farming
Best management practice:
change from cropland to
grassland; no-till; farm yard
manure
26 to 67
Field experiments (Morari et al. 2006 ;
Lugato et al. 2006 ; Triberti et al. 2008 ;
Mazzoncini et al. 2011 ) (Chap. 10 )
+ 27 %
SOC stock variation in Sicilian
vineyards (Chap. 11 )
Abandonment of a vineyard
43 % initially
Re-planting
 
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