Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 5.11
Productivity and physical properties of dry corn stover harvested as baled material
using large round or large square balers
a
Baler mass flow
Bale density
Harvested yield
b
Moisture
(% w.b.)
Wet
(Mg h
−1
)
Dry
(Mg h
−1
)
Wet
(kg m
−3
)
Dry
(kg m
−3
)
Wet
(Mg ha
−1
)
Dry
(Mg ha
−1
)
2002
LRB
c
- Twine
23.0
6.8
b
5.2
b
123
b
94
b
4.7
c
3.6
c
LRB
c
—Net
23.5
7.3
b
5.5
b
138
c
106
c
2.9
b
2.2
b
LSB
c
24.0
17.2
c
13.1
c
178
d
134
d
4.3
c
3.1
c
LSD
d
(
P
=0.05) 3.5
2.4
1.8
8
6
0.7
0.5
2003
LRB
c
- Twine
15.7
b, c
11.2
b
9.5
b
139
b
118
b
5.4
4.7
LRB
c
—Net
17.0
c
16.5
c
13.7
c
138
b
114
b
5.6
4.7
LSB
c
14.6
b
16.3
c
14.0
c
150
c
128
c
5.4
4.7
LSD
d
(
P
=0.05) 1.3
0.9
0.8
8
6
0.4
0.4
a
Adapted from [
32
]
b
In2002,stoverwasharvestedabout1monthaftergrainharvest,andstoveryieldwas
8.9 Mg DM ha
−1
justprecedinggrainharvest.In2003,stoverwasharvestedwithin1weekofgrain
harvest, and stover yield was 11.6 Mg DM ha
−1
just preceding grain harvest
c
LRB
large round bales,
LSB
large square bales
d
Averages with different subscripts in the same column are significantly different at 95 % confi-
dence. LSD (least significant difference)
temperatures and frequent precipitation posed challenges in field drying, and in
onlyoneoutoffourtrials,thestovermoisturedecreasedtoabout20 %within4
days of grain harvest [
32
]. For chopping, wet baling, and dry baling, the collection
eficiencyaveraged55 %,50 %,and37 %,respectively.Thethroughputrateofa
forageharvester,largesquarebaler,andlargeroundbalerwas26.2,16.0,and
9.8 Mg DM h
−1
, respectively, when harvesting shredded stover. Gathering shredded
stover with the pickup mechanisms was a common challenge experienced by the
equipment tested.
5.4.4.2
Single-Pass Harvesting of Corn Stover
A single-pass harvester to harvest both corn stover and grain simultaneously has
been developed [
33
]. The harvester was a modified combine with three heads to
separately collect stover and grain (Fig.
5.37
). The collected stover from the ear-
snapper head consisted of cob and husk, whereas from the stalk-gathering head, it
consisted of stalk and leaves, and from the whole-plant head, it included stalks,
leaves, husk, and cob. Area productivity with the ear-snapper, whole-plant, or stalk-
gatheringheadwas3.4,1.5,and1.9hah
−1
, respectively (Table
5.12
).
One way of achieving single-pass harvesting is to blow the residue coming out
of the combine into a trailed wagon. Another way is to feed the residue into a baler.
Figure
5.38
shows single-pass machines developed for corn stover baling and grain
harvesting in a single pass [
34
,
35
].
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