Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Research
problem
Co-produced map
or GIS
Process
- Changes in power dynamics
between actors
- Procedural fairness
- Recognition of multiple forms of
knowing
- Data representation sensitive to
limitations of accuracy and precison
Group A
(Convener)
Group B
Group N
Outcomes
- Policy informed by science
- Inclusive decision making
- More effective resource allocation
to meet group goals
Use A
Use B
Use N
Fig. 3.2 Conceptual diagram of the mental model of participatory geographic information
systems (
PGIS
). PGIS studies focus on heterogeneity and independent uses of co-produced
maps and GIS. There is a strong emphasis on process
Table 3.1 Organizations providing water information to some or all of metropolitan Phoenix, AZ
Type of water information organization
Total identified
Respondents
Water provider
13
10
Education or research group
11
8
Environmental nongovernment organization
7
7
Government agency (not including water utility)
5
2
Multi-organization coalition
3
2
Total
39
31
A total of 31 organizations participated in the research
confirmed that “providing the lay-public with information about local water supply,
quality, policy, or aquatic ecosystems” was within the organization's purpose.
WI providers listed other organizations active in the region and researchers
contacted new additions. The organization list was considered complete when all
organizations had been contacted and conversations and internet searches no longer
revealed new organizations. In total, 39 organizations were identified representing
water providers (including both private and public agencies), education and
research groups, environmental non governmental organizations, governmental
organization not focused on water as a utility, and coalitions involving multiple
organizations from one or more of the categories above (Table
3.1
). The process is
outlined in Fig.
3.3
. The left hand side of the figure indicates the phases of
participation while the right hand side indicates the process of building the data
set from research question formation (fully explained in Cutts et al.
2008
) through
to analysis. Horizontal breaks map particular phases of participation to stages in
building the data set.
