Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table of typical tunnelling hazards and possible mitigation measures
to be considered during design and construction (modi
ed from
Brown, 1999 with reference to Channel Tunnel Rail Link).
Hazard
(alphabetical)
Aspect
Mitigations/actions
Access/egress
To site and work areas
Safe routes and methods
Site investigation
Liaison with authorities
Avoid disturbance/minimise
Appropriate disposal
Biological health
hazards
Burial sites, etc.
Asphyxiation, explosion,
flooding, heat,
Minimise need for working in con
ned
humidity:
a) Existing con
spaces in design
Reduce need to enter con
ned spaces
ned spaces
Con
ned spaces
b) Con
ned spaces to be constructed/
maintained
Safe working practices
Site investigation to identify
Avoid disturbance
Ventilation and monitoring
Appropriate disposal
Contaminated
land
Contaminated ground
Ground gas
Survey structures and condition
Consider stability
Plan and phase work to minimise
disturbance
Fencing and security
To existing structures
Demolition and
site clearance
Design to ensure practical and safe
sequence
Communication
New structures
Site investigation
Minimise earthworks
Consider effect on existing structures
Adequate information to Contractor
Earthworks
Ground movements
GI to identify design constraints
Minimise deep excavation
Consider existing structures
Adequate information to Contractor
Collapse, or falls associated with ground
movements
Site investigation
Liaise with authorities re flood
potential
Safety plan
Excavation
Areas prone to
flooding (cavernous
limestone, old mine workings, etc.)
Contaminated ground, ground gas, old
mine workings
See contaminated land above
Probing ahead/geophysics
