Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
2
Introduction to civil engineering
projects
2.1 Management: parties and responsibilities
2.1.1 The owner/client/employer
All civil engineering projects have owners
otherwise known as the
client or the employer, because the owner ultimately pays for all the
works and employs the various parties involved in design and con-
struction. The owner normally engages architectural and engineering
companies to advise him and to manage, design and construct the
project in a cost-effective manner. Most projects are designed by a
consulting engineer and built by a contractor. Under such
-
'
engineer
'
s
designs
the design responsibility rests with the project designer. Other
projects are described as
'
, where a
contractor is commissioned to deliver the whole project or part of a
project as a complete package. Such arrangements
'
turnkey
'
or
'
design and build
'
-'
contractor
'
s
design
often apply to specialist parts of projects such as a bored
tunnel or piled foundations for a building. The typical relationships
and tasks for a project designed by a consulting engineer are illustrated
in Figure 2.1.
Sometimes the owner may have in-house technical expertise suffi-
'-
-
cient to overview the project (as in a government department or large
energy company) but rarely will he have the staff or experience to
design, construct and/or supervise all aspects of a large civil engineer-
ing project, which might require a huge range of skills
from site
formation through numerical analysis to mechanical and electrical
-
fitting out.
2.1.2 The architect and engineer
Engagement of an architect and engineer may be through competitive
tender whereby several capable consulting companies are invited to
make proposals for design and possibly supervision and for the cost
control of construction and to give a price for carrying out this work.
The owner will select and contract with one party or with a consortium
of consultants known as a joint venture (JV), which might be a
 
 
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