Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
consider the different aspects of the site and how they might affect the
project in a checklist manner (Knill, 1976, 2002; Hencher & Daughton,
2000; Hencher, 2007). The various components and aspects of the
project and how different site conditions might affect its success
are considered one by one and in an integrated way. This is similar
to the rock engineering systems methodology of Hudson (1992), in
which the various parameters of a project are set out and their in
u-
ence judged and measured in a relative way (Hudson & Harrison,
1992). This is also akin to the concept of a risk register for a civil
engineering project at the design and construction stages, whereby
each potential hazard and its consequence is identi
ed and plans
made for how those risks might be mitigated and managed. This is
addressed in
Chapter 6.
The three verbal equations of Knill
(1976) are set out
in
Table 4.1.
The
first part is to consider geological factors: material
and mass strengths and other properties. The second is to assess
the in
uence of environmental factors such as in situ stress, water
and earthquakes. The
final consideration is how these factors
affect, and are affected by the construction works. A very similar
process has been proposed for addressing risk by Pöschl &
Kleberger (2004), particularly for tunnels.
The
first equation encourages the investigator to consider the ground
pro
le (geology) and its properties at both the material and mass scales.
Equation 1 GEOLOGY
MATERIAL PROPERTIES + MASS FABRIC
MASS PROPERTIES
⇒
The
first equation includes the geology of the site and concerns the physical, chemical and engineering
properties of the ground at small and large scales. It essentially constitutes the soil and rock ground
conditions.
Equation 2 + ENVIRONMENT
MASS PROPERTIES + ENVIRONMENT
ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL SITUATION
⇒
The second equation relates to the geological setting within the environment. Environmental factors include
climatic influences, groundwater, stress, time and natural hazards.
Equation 3 + CONSTRUCTION
ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL SITUATION + INFLUENCE OF ENGINEERING WORKS
⇒
ENGINEERING BEHAVIOUR OF GROUND
.
The third equation relates to changes caused by the engineering works such as loading, unloading and
changes to the groundwater levels. It is the job of the engineer to ensure that the changes are within
acceptable limits.
