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effectively severed the ties between Spain
and Mexico. He headed a provisional gov-
ernment that sought a Bourbon prince to
accept an imperial throne in Mexico.
When no such candidate could be found
Iturbide was proclaimed by his soldiers
Emperor Agustín I. His reign was short
lived, essentially lasting only from 1822
through early 1823. Iturbide's conserva-
tive and authoritarian values were repug-
nant to liberal nationalists, and he was
overthrown by a conspiracy of erstwhile
allies (including Mexico's perennial presi-
dent Miguel López de Santa Ana). Iturbide
found sanctuary in Italy but returned to
Mexico in 1824 hoping to mobilize con-
servatives for a restoration on his behalf.
He did not know that the legislature of the
republic had proclaimed him an outlaw
subject to death if he set foot in Mexico.
The former emperor was arrested upon
his arrival and promptly executed.
Agustín de Iturbide
(Library of Congress)
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