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majority are in the first half of the year and the spatial and temporal distribu-
tion of the water resources are extremely uneven. The main reason is that the
basin suffers from the affection of the western pacific subtropical high pressure
during this period every year, and the rainfall amount and the rain area depend
completely on the atmospheric circulations.
5Conluon
In this paper, the SPI index is used to study the rainfall characteristics in the
Fuhe basin from the years 1970 to 2008. Some of the most important conclusions
that are drawn from this study are as follows:
(1) The overall amount of rainfall is increasing gradually from the 1970 to
2008 in the Fuhe basin, and at the same time the spatial fluctuations of the
rainfall is increasing year to year. The basin's average drought time accounts for
11.34% and the flooding average time accounts for 14.77% during the past 39
years. The frequency of the floods is becoming more intensive than the droughts.
(2) From the months of April to June, annual rainfall reaches its maximum,
but in the months of October-December, it remains at its lowest level. Droughts
and floods have never stopped in a year, especially in the first half of the year. The
frequency of droughts and floods is high. From October to December, the drought
relative frequency shows a significant decrease as compared to the average year
precipitation.
(3) Overall the daily rainfall distribution is quite uneven, and the frequency
of the abnormal daily rainfall is around 30%, in which the largest rainfall fluc-
tuations occur around the 146-th day and the 300-330th days in the year.
This study also provides an overall and general understanding of the rainfall fluc-
tuations behavior and characteristics in the Fuhe basin as well as some important
information and characteristics of droughts and floods in the Fuhe basin. There
are several important directions that are worth investigating in future. First,
one can analyze the impact area of the droughts and the floods and the affected
region breadth. It is necessary to investigate how to migrate the disasters ac-
cording to the precipitation characteristics. Secondly, the multi-characteristics,
multi-linear interactive relationships can be analyzed and their joint distribution
characteristics in the droughts and floods investigated. One might also expect
that such interactions could result in higher droughts and floods accuracy pre-
dictions.
Acknowledgments.
This work was supported in part by the Key Project of
the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 61134009), the National
Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 60975059), Specialized Research Fund
for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education from Ministry of Education of
China (No. 20090075110002), Specialized Research Fund for Shanghai Leading
Talents, Project of the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (Nos.
11XD1400100, 11JC1400200, 10JC1400200).
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