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penetration status in different welding parameters were analyzed. Analysis results
show that
and
correlate with the selected characteristic parameters. Hence,
the relationships between the characteristic parameters and
,
are desired to be
obtained. The characteristic parameters thus can be used to describe the penetration
status, and this makes real time sensing of penetration status become possible. Models
describing the relationships between the characteristic parameters and
,
will be
discussed in next section.
4
Model Establishment
Section 3 illustrates that a specific characteristic parameter may vary with the
penetration status in different ways depending on the welding conditions. This
suggests that characteristic parameters are coupled in determining the weld
penetration and the model that relates the weld penetration must be relatively
complex. In order to obtain the model which can account for these variations,
,,
are considered when establishing the model. At last, the inputs of model are
determined as
,,
,
,,,,,,,
, the outputs are
,
. Table 1 and
Table 2 show the auxiliary and estimation variables.
Table 1.
Auxiliary variables
Variable
Variable name
Unit
Range
L
Length
mm
3~6
W
Width
2~5
mm
L
h
Half Length
2~4
mm
W
h
Half Width
2~4.5
mm
H
Height
0~0.3
mm
S
Section Area
mm
2
0~1
mm
2
Concavity
0~0.03
∆
mm
3
Radius
0~2
I
Current
A
50~72
L
a
Arc Length
mm
4~5.5
V
Speed
mm/S
1~2
Table 2.
Estimation variables
Variable
Variable name
Unit
Range
H
b
Backside Height
0~0.5
mm
W
b
Backside Width
0~6
mm
After the characteristic parameters were defined, and enough experiments were
conducted using various welding parameters, it was found that the top-side
characteristic parameters correlate with the back-side parameters. Then the
experiments data can be applied to establish the model which describes the
relationships between these characteristic parameters, welding parameters and
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