Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
thus holding the obturator base in position. Paré is also credited
with having prepared artificial teeth from bones and ivory. In the
17
century, a piece of dog skull was successfully transplanted into
the damaged skull of a Dutch duke.
th
th
century to replace teeth was the
homologous transplantation of teeth in humans. John Hunter (1728-
1793) investigated in his pioneering work the effect of transplantation
not only at a clinical level (he claimed, that homologous transplanted
teeth lasted for years in the host) but also performed animal
experimental work on the fate of transplants, thereby setting the basis
for a scientific approach on transplantation medicine [168]. Besides,
various restorative materials might be used for feeling defects,
capping exposed pulps and dental cavities. Currently they include
zinc orthophosphate, zinc polyacrylate (polycarboxylate), various
amalgams, glass ionomer cement of complicated formulations,
calcium hydroxide, etc.; however, this is another story. Within the
scope of this review, calcium orthophosphate-based formulations
will be considered only. According to the available literature, Dr.
Junius E. Cravens (1844-1920) from USA proffered creative concepts
in pulp capping in the 1870s. He had the opinion that dentin-like
material would be the best to keep the pulp vital. Therefore, Cravens
used a calcium orthophosphate powder, which was mixed with
lactic acid to low viscosity. The result was a soluble calcium lactic
orthophosphate, which was applied onto the exposed pulp tissue
[169]. This pulp-capping agent was brought to the market by the S.S.
White company with the trade name “Lacto-Phosphate of Lime” (Fig.
8.3). To the best of my findings, this study might be considered as the
first mentioning on calcium orthophosphate-based biocomposites
and hybrid biomaterials (Chapter 6). Thus, one might claim that the
grafting history of calcium orthophosphates starts from the 1870s.
A common method in the 18
Figure 8.3
An advertisement of the S.S. White company for “Lacto-
Phosphate of Lime“ 1873. Reprinted from
Dent. Cosmos
1873,
15, 683.
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