Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
PHBHV
poly(hydroxybutyrate-
co
-hydroxyvalerate)
PHEMA
polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate
PHV
polyhydroxyvalerate
PLA
polylactic acid
PLGA
poly(lactic-
co
-glycolic) acid
PLGC
co
-polyester lactide-
co
-glycolide-
co
-ε-caprolactone
PLLA
poly(L-lactic acid)
PMMA
polymethylmethacrylate
PP
polypropylene
PPF
poly(propylene-
co
-fumarate)
PS
polysulfone
PSZ
partially stabilized zirconia
PTFE
polytetrafluoroethylene
PVA
polyvinyl alcohol
PVAP
polyvinyl alcohol phosphate
SEVA-C
a blend of EVOH with starch
UHMWPE
ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene
6.1
Introduction
The fracture of bones due to various traumas or natural aging is a
typical type of a tissue failure. An operative treatment frequently
requires implantation of a temporary or a permanent prosthesis,
which still is a challenge for orthopedic surgeons, especially in
the cases of large bone defects. A fast aging of the population
and serious drawbacks of natural bone grafts make the situation
even worse; therefore, there is a high clinical demand for bone
substitutes. Unfortunately, a medical application of xenografts (e.g.,
bovine bone) is generally associated with potential viral infections.
In addition, xenografts have a low osteogenicity, an increased
immunogenicity and, usually, resorb more rapidly than autogenous
bone. Similar limitations are also valid for human allografts
,
tissue transplantation between individuals of the same species but
of non-identical genetic composition), where the concerns about
potential risks of transmitting tumor cells, a variety of bacterial
(i.e
.
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