Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 3.6
Particle sizes and crystallinity of HA powders after a heat
treatment at various temperatures: (a) 300°C, (b) 500°C, (c)
700°C, (d) 900°C.
bone
void filler from Angstrom Medica, Inc. [524], is considered as the
first nanotechnological medical device received the clearance by the
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2005. It is prepared by
precipitation of nano-sized calcium orthophosphates from aqueous
solutions and the resulting white powder is then compressed
and heated to form a dense, transparent, and nanocrystalline
material. NanOss
Among the available commercial formulations, NanOss
™
™
mimics the microstructure, composition, and
performance of human bone, as well as it is mechanically strong
and osteoconductive. It is remodeled over time into human bone
with applications in the sports medicine, trauma, spine, and general
orthopedics markets [524].
®
(Osartis GmbH & Co. KG, Obernburg, Germany) is another
popular commercial formulation. It is a ready-to-use injectable
paste that received CE (Conformite Europeenne) approval in 2002.
Ostim
Ostim
is a suspension of synthetic nanocrystalline HA (average
crystal dimensions: 100 × 20 × 3 nm
®
3
(a needle-like appearance);
2
/g) in water, prepared by a wet
chemical reaction [525]. After completion, the HA content in the
paste is ~35%. Ostim
specific surface area ~100 m
®
does not harden when mixed with blood
or spongiosa, so it is highly suitable for increasing the volume of
autologous or homologous material. Simultaneously, its viscosity
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