Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
13
Insecticidal Activity of a
South American Plant:
Hybanthus
parviflorus
(Violaceae)
Adriana M. Broussalis,
1
* Sandra Clemente
2
and Graciela E. Ferraro
1
Aires, Argentina;
2
Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
13.1
Introduction
Baill.;
Hybanthus atropurpureus
(A. St.-Hil.) Taub.;
Hybanthus bicolor
(A. St.-Hil.) Baill.;
Hybanthus
bigibbosus
(A. St.-Hil.) Hassl.;
Hybanthus cal-
ceolaria
(L.) Schulze-Menz;
Hybanthus cir-
caeoides
(Kunth) Baill.;
Hybanthus communis
(A. St. Hil.) Taub.;
Hybanthus graminifolius
(Chodat) Schulze-Menz;
Hybanthus hassleri-
anus
(Chodat) Hassl.;
Hybanthus hieronymi
(Griseb.) Hassl.;
Hybanthus longistylus
Schulze-
Menz;
Hybanthus paraguariensis
(Chodat)
Schulze-Menz;
Hybanthus parviflorus
(Mutis ex
L.f.) Baill.;
Hybanthus serratus
(Phil.) Hassl.;
Hybanthus velutinus
Schulze-Menz (Zuloaga
and Morrone, 1999).
Hybanthus ipecacuana
(L.) Baill. is cited in '
Medicinal Plants of
Argentina
' (Toursarkissian,1980). Also
Hyban-
thus leucopogon
Sparre is an endemic spe-
cies (Zuloaga and Morrone, 1999).
Violaceae is a worldwide family from
temperate regions comprising 22 genera and
900 species that are widely distributed and
are generally perennial herbaceous plants
(Hoffmann
et al.
, 1992). The distribution of
this family is centred in North and South
America with at least 12 genera and one genus
in Central America. In Argentina this family
is represented by three genera:
Viola
, with
30 to 40 species,
Anchietea
, with one species,
and
Hybanthus
with 16. The genera growing
in this country are well differentiated from
one another in their habitats as well as in their
distribution. Indigenous violets growing in
Argentina such as
Hybanthus
and
Anchietea
never co-exist in the same area. The botanical
features of this family have been described by
Cabrera (1965) and Cabrera and Zardini (1979).
Sparre (1950) has provided a brief key on the
most relevant differences of the three Argentine
genera:
Hybanthus, Anchietea
and
Viola.
13.1.2
Hybanthus parviflorus
Hybanthus parviflorus
(Mutis ex L.f.) Baill is
shown in Fig. 13.1. Synonymy:
Calceolaria
banjii
Rusby,
Hybanthus glutinosus
(Vent.)
Taub.,
Hybanthus parviflorus
(Mutis ex L.f.) Baill.
f.
membranaceus
Schulze-Menz,
Hybanthus par-
viflorus
(Mutis ex L.f.) Baill. var.
argentinensis
Sparre,
Hybanthus parviflorus
(Mutis ex L.f.)
Baill. var.
glutinosus
(Vent.) Hassl.,
Hybanthus
13.1.1 The genus
Hybanthus
The native species of the genus
Hybanthus
in
Argentina are:
Hybanthus albus
(A. St.-Hil.)
* E-mail: abrouss@ffyb.uba.ar
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