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OH
6
5
HO
H
OH
H
H
4
(CH
2
)
14
1
HO
HO
OH
H
3
2
OH
(CH
2
)
7
(CH
2
)
5
HO
OH
OH
grebustol B
(leaves of
Grevillea robusta
)
bisnorstriatol
(stems of
Grevillea floribunda
)
CH
3
O
OH
H
3
C
HO
(CH
2
)
3
(CH
2
)
3
OH
CH
2
CH
2
CH
3
COO
OCOCH
3
(CH
2
)
n
CH
3
1: n = 16 cichoriol A
oncostemonol A
2: n = 18 cichoriol B
3: n = 19 cichoriol C
4: n = 20 cichoriol D
(aerial parts of
Cichorium spinosum
)
H
HO
O
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
HO
grevilloside A
(leaves of
Grevillea robusta
)
Fig. 10.3.
Alkylresorcinol derivatives isolated from plant sources.
l,3-dihydroxy-2-alkyl and l,3-dihydroxy-2,5-
dialkylbenzenes (Barrero
et al
., 1994); grevil-
losides isolated from leaves of
Grevillea
robusta
, which are 5-n-ARs O-glucosylated
at position 1 of the benzene ring (Yamashita
et al
., 2008); and the 5-n-AR glycosides of
arabinose found in root exudates of rice
seedlings (Kong
et al
., 2002).
The Anacardiaceae and Gramineae are
important sources of ARs. In Anacardiaceae,
the cashew tree (
Anacardium occidentale
),
originating from Brazil, is the major and the
cheapest source of meta alkylphenols avail-
able in Latin America (De Lima
et al
., 2008).
The fruit of the tree consists of an outer
shell (epicarp), a tight-fitting inner shell
(endocarp), and a strongly vesicant cashew
nut-shell liquid (CNSL, Fig. 10.4a) con-
tained between the inner and outer shell
(pericarp). This oily liquid is extracted by
roasting cashew nuts. On the basis of the
mode of extraction, CNSL is classified into
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