Applications of natural ingredients in alcoholic drinks - Natural Food Additives, Ingredients and Flavourings - page 357

Fig. 16.1 Some bittering and aroma constituents of hops. From McKay et al. (2011b),

with kind permission of John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK.

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and Styrian Goldings (Slovenia). Moderate to high α -acid (8-15%) varieties
(commonly known as bittering hops) include Admiral (UK), Columbus (US),
Galena (US), Nugget (US), Pacifi c Gem (New Zealand), Phoenix (UK), Pilgrim
(UK), Pioneer (UK) and Target (UK). Other varieties are considered 'dual
purpose' in that they can be used to both bitter beer and add characteristic aroma.
Examples include Challenger (UK), Chinook (US), First Gold (UK), Green Bullet
(New Zealand), Northdown (UK), Northern Brewer (Germany, UK) and Perle
(Germany).
Myrcene is one of the most signifi cant and pungent of the aroma compounds
whereas humulene is much more subtle, but each compound will make its own
contribution and together they will play a major role in the aroma profi le of a
particular hop variety. The contribution of hop aroma to beer beverages has been
extensively studied in the literature. For example, Lermusieau et al. (2001) used