Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
3.
interpretation in monetary terms of all the effects measured in quantification phase
.
There are direct financial costs and benefits (expenses and revenues of project) and
indirect economical ones (damages and benefits caused by project to other activities).
CBA must pay attention to the beneficiary of project benefits, and to the supporters of
direct and indirect costs. When the best project is chosen an ongoing process is established,
and it involves more phases, including
identification and assessment
which are the most
important. Identification means to consider demographic, social, cultural and economic aspect
of social groups.
It is important to include stakeholders in decisional process as they could be stimulated
through offsetting measures.
To let the changes in life and habits be accepted, it is important to give population a right
information about benefits project, and to establish an active cooperation between population
and public decision-maker (particularly regarding rural population); furthermore,
identification must show eventual project damages on environment, and suggest some ways
to reduce them (external effects).
The more the identification reaches a high and complete level of information, the less the
decision-makers have the possibility to discuss faults. The identification phase requires a lot
of time in order to avoid errors, as they are expensive and resources are very few.
After realizing the project, benefits could be:
(a)
transitory -
they can be carried out only during project realization
;
(b)
lasting -
linked to the entire life of the project. These lasting benefits are direct, when
they give advantages to receivers, and indirect, when they are in favour of the
community;
(c)
concrete -
they can be quantified;
(d)
intangible -
of intangible quantification.
And costs can be divided into:
(a)
monetary -
supported directly by public administration and related to complete
realization of project, its maintenance and management;
(b)
social -
supported by community. They are primary if they refer to projects' costs that
the community supports by renouncing other alternative projects; or secondary if they
refer to external effects on people or things, but they have no influence on the market.
4.
C
ASE
S
TUDY
The examined case study is an industry leader in the world for production of polyester
nonwovens with high toughness by continuing thread and flake. The firm produces an
industrial fabric that is a supporter for bituminous membranes destined to waterproofing of
roads and roofs, as PET bottle after use. This firm is located in the south of Italy within a
technological park that is managed by a company that provides services for the firms in the
