Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
shortcoming in the directives is that they do not clearly define what an energy efficient
waste incineration plant is and hence not when a waste incineration plant should be
defined as recovery versus destruction.
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The conflict between waste management goals and energy system goals when designing
policy instruments has been shown. When designing the tax on incinerated waste, the
energy system perspective was the predominant factor, the main objective being to
harmonize taxes on incinerated waste with taxes on other fuels. The incentive for
increasing material recovery and biological treatment was set aside, except in the case of
plastic waste. In the design of the electricity certificate system, the waste management
goals, for example more biological treatment, prohibits waste incineration plants from
receiving certificates even if this would increase the incentive to produce CHP, consistent
with the goals for the energy system.
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The double function is also addressed when different models for assessing waste
incineration are reviewed; the importance of being aware of this and the impacts of
different assumptions are discussed. Various models deal with the double function in
different ways, and have their own strengths and weaknesses. It is also essential to be
aware of the importance of assumptions. A model's construction and the results from it
should be seen as way of gaining knowledge of the system and as a support in decision-
making. When actual decisions are to be made, there are other aspects that can be of
importance that has not been included in the model.
A CKNOWLEDGMENTS
The work was carried out under the auspices of The Energy Systems Programme, which
is financed by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, the Swedish Energy Agency
and Swedish Industry. Tekniska Verken i Linköping AB is acknowledged for their financial
support. The author is grateful to Maria Saxe, Mats Bladh and Björn Karlsson for valuable
comments on the chapter.
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