Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 7
E
NERGY
R
ECOVERY FROM
W
ASTE
I
NCINERATION
:
L
INKING THE
S
YSTEMS
OF
E
NERGY AND
W
ASTE
M
ANAGEMENT
Kristina Holmgren
∗
Linköping Institute of Technology, Linköping, Sweden
A
BSTRACT
Energy recovery from waste incineration has a double function as a waste treatment
method and a supplier of electricity and/or heat. Waste incineration thereby links the
systems of waste management and energy. This chapter addresses the importance of
taking this into consideration when e.g. making investment decisions or designing policy
instruments. The design of two policy instruments will be described as examples of the
conflicting goals in the two systems. A conflict is also that increased waste incineration
can decrease production of combined heat and power in the district heating systems.
Since policy instruments in Sweden are dependent on the common legislation of the
European Union this will be addressed, together with trading in waste and electricity and
how this impacts waste incineration in Sweden. Conflicts between the internal market in
the European Union and waste management goals are shown. When making investment
decisions, various models are often used as decision support tools. Some models for
assessing waste incineration/management are therefore described together with strengths
and weaknesses when dealing with the dual function of waste incineration.
I
NTRODUCTION
Energy recovery through waste incineration
1
connects two vital systems in modern
society: the waste management system and the energy system. In Sweden, with an extensive
