Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
should ensure that the customer is made aware of calculated LFG emissions and what control
devices will be used to control them. This information is important to the customer who is
ultimately responsible for determining the need to obtain a Title V operating permit or to
revise an existing permit. Any questions regarding the need to obtain an operating permit for
the LFG control system should be discussed with the customer and the project team.
D. CWA Regulations
Under the CWA, if LFG condensate is disposed of by treatment and effluent discharge to
Waters of the United States, discharge permits may be required and effluent
concentrations/limits may be required to meet a state's water quality standards. Effluent
analyses required for all discharge permits can include:
•
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
•
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
•
Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
•
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
•
Ammonia
•
Temperature
•
pH
•
Flow
Response actions taken under CERCLA are not required to obtain discharge permits.
However, substantive requirements such as numerical discharge limits may still have to be
established and met at these sites, especially when condensate is discharged via a point source
to Waters of the U.S.
Other analyses may be required if other pollutants are expected to be present. If the
condensate is disposed of by indirect discharge through a publicly owned treatment works
(POTW), sewer effluent conditions will be imposed by the local POTW as regulated by local
ordinances or federal requirements.
III.
S
ANITARY AND
B
IOREACTOR
L
ANDFILLS
A. Development of Sanitary Landfills
In the past, a landfill often represented little more than an open hole or mash where refuse
was dumped. The refuse was often not covered properly, sometimes it was burned for volume
reduction, and there was little effort to control storm water runoff and downward migration of
water that had come into contact with the refuse (Barlaz 1997). With the implementation of
increasingly stringent regulations, landfills have become highly engineered facilities with
sophisticated containment systems, environmental monitoring, and improved operational
practices.
