Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Council Decision 2003/33/EC established the criteria and procedures for the acceptance of
waste in landfills (commonly referred to as Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC)).
The Directive encompasses the requirements of Articles 3 and 4 of 75/442/EEC (The
Framework Directive). It also covers the technical requirements for landfills covered by the
IPPC Directive (Council Directive 96/61/EC). The Directive has 19 Articles and 3 Annexes
covering General Requirements, WAC, and Control and Monitoring. Central to the Directive
is the requirement (Article 5) that all Member States shall introduce measures to reduce the
quantities of biodegradable material going to landfill, to 35% of 1995 levels by 2016. Up to 4
years' derogation from this is possible for countries currently landfilling more than 80% of
wastes. The Directive also requires Member States to set up a national strategy for the
implementation of these targets.
B. RCRA Regulations
Under RCRA, if LFG is emitted or condensate is treated and/or disposed of, RCRA
requirements may have to be met. Primary RCRA requirements pertaining to LFG emission
and condensate disposal are found in the following regulations:
•
40 CFR Part 258 [regulations for LFG emissions from MSW (non-hazardous)
landfills]
•
40 CFR Parts 260-261 [regulations for characterization and disposal of condensate]
•
40 CFR Part 262 [regulations pertaining to generator requirements]
•
40 CFR Part 268 [regulations for land disposal restrictions]
C. CAA Regulations
Since passage of the Federal CAA in 1970, many rules and regulations have been
adopted that could potentially affect LFG operations. The applicability of these rules and
regulations are governed by specific factors such as the implementation schedule of the rule,
size of the facility, the equipment and type of operations conducted at the site, and the
emissions from these operations. Personnel need to be familiar with the specific requirements
of each regulation prior to deciding whether or not the requirements apply to their project.
Potentially applicable CAA regulations include:
•
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) found at 40 CFR Part 60
•
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants found at 40 CFR 63
•
Title V Operating Permits found at 40 CFR Part 70
•
State and local air quality regulations
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) designed the Title V operating permit
program as a central mechanism to regulate emissions, monitoring data needs, compliance
schedules, fee payments, and other conditions associated with the issuance, compliance and
enforcement of operating permits. Personnel involved in designing LFG control systems
