Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 7.1.
Information about the wind power in India giving the maximum potential in
each state with the amount of present potential (source: MNRE 2009)
State in India
Present Potential
(MW)
Maximum Potential
(MW)
Installable
(%)
Andhra Pradesh
122.5
8275
98.5
Gujarat
1252.9
9675
87
Karnataka
1011.4
6620
84.7
Kerala
10.5
875
98.8
Madhya Pradesh
187.7
5500
96.5
Maharashtra
1755.9
3650
51.9
Rajasthan
538.8
5400
90.0
Tamilnadu
3020
3050
0.9
West Bengal
1.2
450
99.7
Others
3.2
2990
99.8
Total
8757.2
45,195
80.6
7.3 CDM Approach
Wind projects in India were the major early movers in Indian Clean Development
Mechanism projects with considerable success. The total number of Indian wind
power projects registered is currently 54, and these registered projects are ex-
pected to generate 2 million CERs annually (Kalpagam 2007). As of June 2008,
86% of the wind projects that initiated the CDM process in 2005 have been regis-
tered. This success rate has been declining steadily thereafter in years 2006 (36%),
2007 (10%) and 2008 (none) (UNFCCC 2010). This decline in the success of
CDM registration is due to the stringent rules of the Executive Board (EB) (Guest
et al. 2003). The decline in registration of CDM wind projects has evolved a Vol-
untary Emission Reduction (VER) market in India (Bellassen and Lequet 2007;
Bird and Lokey 2007). The difficulty in registering the already commissioned pro-
jects at the CDM - EB has resulted in the progress of VER market. The Chicago
Climate Exchange (CCX) and Voluntary Carbon Standard (VCS-07) are the most
preferred VER standards in India (Kalpagam 2007; Bellassen and Lequet 2007).
The advantage of VER is that, it reduces the processing time and the risk of rejec-
tion is reduced. The other notable advantage of VER is that the project proponents
can claim the emission reductions from past vintages (Bellassen and Lequet 2007;
Bird and Lokey 2007) which is not possible with the CER. The disadvantage of
this VER is the lower Emission Reduction prices per unit (1 VER = 1$ to 5 $)
compared to Carbon Emission Reduction (1 CER = 20 $) (Capoor and Ambrosi
2007; Bird and Lokey 2007; CarbonFinance 2009).
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