Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
GmbH. The first phase of the project took place from 2004 until 2006. The second
phase started in July 2007 and will last until the end of 2009. Target of the project
is the development of an integrated water resources management concept for oases
in the Saharan zone on the basis of a participative process including drinking wa-
ter, sanitation, irrigation, socio-economic aspects and the implementation of the
concept in the Béni Abbès Oasis. The oasis has about 13,000 inhabitants (Klingel
and Deuerlein 2008). A central water supply system exists, which can be de-
scribed as deficient. The water is fed via four storages into the distribution system.
At the moment, no pressure zones exist and a clear network structure is missing.
Further, the water supply is not continuous but intermittent, which makes interme-
diate storage in private tanks necessary for the customers (see Fig. 4.3 ).
Fig. 4.3. Private tank on a roof in Béni Abbès (left) (source: photo by Deuerlein J.); over-
view of the GIS integrated network register of the water supply system (right)
Due to long storage times in private tanks and high temperatures, the storages
should be emptied regularly which leads to a high wastage of water. No measuring
devices are installed within the system, which makes estimating water losses
rather difficult. Due to the current state of the system, water losses of up to 50%
were estimated in the framework of the efficiency analysis. At the same time the
analysis showed that sufficient water would be available to supply all inhabitants
within the next 20 years with ≈ 80 l/hab/day (Klingel and Deuerlein 2008). The
target of the drinking water module is the introduction of a sustainable and con-
tinuous water supply. This shall be realised by a holistic rehabilitation of the water
supply system. A clear network structure - based on a main, primary and secon-
dary network structure - will be introduced. Three fixed pressure zones and addi-
tional sectors that can be further subdivided will be created. Water measuring de-
vices will be installed at important points for the supervision of the system. The
operation will be improved by the set up of a GIS integrated network and defect
register (see Fig. 4.3 ).
The working approach of the project can be described as participative. Ex-
pected achievement is an overall improvement of the water supply system. This
shall finally lead to improved energy efficiency due to an optimised operation of
 
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