Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 4.2. Simplified schematic sections of the water supply system Bribin, highlighting ar-
eas with potentials of energy recovery (source: Käser 2008)
Additionally an analysis of the potential for decentralised energy recovery and the
implementation of a pilot installation shall be done. Decentralised energy recovery
in a water supply system is possible if the pressure within the systems becomes
too high. For example, in Germany a maximum system pressure of 8 bar (80 m of
water column) is recommended (DVGW 2004). If the pressure becomes higher
due to elevation differences, usually pressure reduction valves (PRVs) are used to
prevent damage of the system elements. The water supply system of Gunung
Kidul consists of a main water transport system that transports the water to inter-
mediate storages. From there, water flows via gravity into the numerous water dis-
tribution systems. For example, one of the pressure zones shows elevation differ-
ences of up to 235 m (compare Fig. 4.2 ) . Thus, a considerable head might be used
for energy recovery. This concept is also implemented at the Lake Constance wa-
ter supply system, which led to the generation of 16.1 million kWh/a in 2006
(BWV 2006). In the case of Indonesia, the potential still has to be investigated in
more detail. Special attention shall be given to the potential of installing cost effi-
cient PATs (pumps-as-turbines).
4.4.2 Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) for Oases
The Integrated Water Resources Management (IRWM) for the Oases project in
Algeria is another example of a water supply rehabilitation project. The project is
funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Develop-
ment (BMZ) and executed by the German Technical Cooperation Agency (GTZ)
 
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