An Indicator-based Approach to Environmental and Resource Management in a Globalised World - Implementing Environmental and Resource Management - page 307

23 An Indicator-based Approach to

Environmental and Resource Management

in a Globalised World

Gerhard Wiegleb

Chair of General Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU),
Cottbus, Germany

23.1 Introduction

On 19 June 1999, 31 European ministers of education from 29 countries, among
them ministers of all current EU member states (except Cyprus) as well as repre-
sentatives of Switzerland, Norway and Iceland, signed the so-called 'Bologna
Declaration' 1 . They agreed to create a unified European Higher Education Area by
the year 2010. The Bologna Declaration is thus a precursor of the Lisbon Strategy,
published one year later in 2000, 2 according to which the European Union should
become the “most competitive and dynamic knowledge based economic area of
the world” 3 by the year 2010.
The aims of Bologna 4 are: the implementation of a system of easily understand-
able and comparable academic degrees; the distribution of a Europe-wide Diploma
Supplement, a uniform description of academic degrees and qualifications; the
implementation of a two-tiered system of study programmes (undergradu-
ate/graduate); the implementation of a credit point system to foster mobility; the
overcoming of mobility obstacles for students, teachers, scientists, and administra-
tive personnel; better comparability of quality management approaches; and the
advancement of the necessary European dimension in the university sector.
Based on the Bologna Declaration, governments of all Bologna states subse-
quently made further decisions in order to promote the 'Europeanization' of the

1

German version see http://www.bmbf.de/pub/bologna_deu.pdf.

2

Europäischer Rat (Lissabon), Schlussfolgerungen des Vorsitzes v. 23./24.03.2000, see
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/summits/lis1_de.htm.

3

See before named, point I.5.

4

Bologna declaration (see 1), p. 3ff.