Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
HSE UK (2001), states three principles for ALARP. These principles help to clar-
ify the assumption prior to the ALARP demonstration. The assumption is that
suitable controls are in place to address all the significant hazards. Additionally
these principles stress the importance of considering both individual and societal
risks for ALARP as well as a periodic review of risks to ensure that they continue
to meet the ALARP criteria for the relevant, applicable time period.
15.5 Combined ALARP and Energy Efficiency
Figure 15.5
shows how combining ALARP principle with the goal of improving
energy efficiency works to realise the 'uptimized' solution. The term 'uptimize' is
coined to stress the objective of increasing energy efficiency as well as the goal of
optimising safety, reliability etc. The common factor in ALARP and energy effi-
ciency is cost. A Capex (Capital Expenditure) project would, upon implementation
of this principle, receive the benefits of reduced operational costs as well as in-
creased performance and profits from the very beginning. An efficient energy op-
tion would, based on this principle, be an inherent characteristic of such a plant or
process. Ensuring an optimum reliability and availability from the beginning
would also mean a sound operating strategy along with increased energy effi-
ciency. However, it is never too late to implement the proposed framework. An
Opex (Operational Expenditure) project would also benefit by ensuring minimisa-
tion of plant or process disruptions as well as mitigating the hazards related to an
existing plant or process. It should be noted however that the process of carrying
out multi-objective optimisation is beyond the scope of this paper.
The Risk Based Decision Making process can provide benefits over the entire
life-cycle of a plant. The next section describes how each phase of a plant, from
cradle to grave, benefits by implementation of the above framework.
15.6 RDBM - Life Cycle Approach
The RBDM process is employed for different purposes during different phases of
a project. It is a useful to for complete asset integrity management over the entire
lifecycle of the plant.
Figure 15.6
outlines typical phases in the life of a plant and
describes the purpose of RBDM tool for each. Expanding the benefits of risk man-
agement to optimise energy efficiency in the industry can be achieved in the two
ways shown in
Figure 15.6
, with different goals applying to Capex and Opex
stages.
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