Review of Future Energy Supply and Targets for Climate Change: The Idea of Ecosystem Services - Implementing Environmental and Resource Management - page 121

programs to provide opportunities for the development of the renewable energy
industry seem to be on the increase (Grunewald 2008). The reliance of the renew-
able energy sector on subsidies to bring their technologies into mainstream shows
that their capacity will be limited for a long time and that non-renewables will still
be leading the energy industry (IEA 2008). Figure 12.1 below shows the trend of
energy capacity supplied in the world market by various energy sources in the in-
dustry.
Period in calendar years
Fig. 12.1. Trend of world energy demand (source: IEA 2008)
The figure provides a scenario of world primary energy demand projected from
the year 2008 up to 2030. Increasing energy supplies from oil and coal was domi-
nating from 1980 to 2008 and will continue over the projected scenario. The total
capacity of renewable energy supplies are growing, but will not reach that of non
renewable energy. World demand for coal will increase, and its share in global en-
ergy demand will climb from 26% in 2006 to 29% in the 2030 scenario. About
85% of the rise in the global coal consumption will come from increasing con-
struction of power plants in China and India (IEA 2008).
The share of nuclear power in primary energy demand edges down over the
outlook period (1980 to 2030). That is from the growth rate of 6% in 2008 to a
projected 5% in 2030 and its share of electricity output will drop from the growth
rate of 15% to 10% in the same projected period, reflecting the consistency of the
anticipated changes in the energy world. This is due to the high increasing supply
of non- renewable energy like oil, coal and gas indicated in the projection to meet
the growing capacity of energy demand. Excluding biomass and traditional hydro-
power, renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, geothermal and tide wave
energy together are growing faster than any other source worldwide at an average
rate of 7.5% per year over the projection period of 2030. Nevertheless, their total
energy supply in the world market will remain relatively insignificant as this share
of non-hydro-renewable energy supplies is only expected to grow from 1% in