Energy Challenges, Problems and Strategies in China - Implementing Environmental and Resource Management - page 107

Total
Coal consumption
Petroleum consumption
Natural gas consumption

30,000

14.8

25,000

14.6

20,000

14.4

15,000

14.2

10,000

14.0

Temp = 0.01*CO2 + 10.09
R-squared=0.82

5,000

13.8

CO2

0

13.6

81 84 87 90 93 96 99 02 05

300 320 340 360 380 400

(a) (b)
Fig. 11.2(a). World Carbon Dioxide Emissions (Million Tonnes) from the consumption of
fossil fuels; Fig. 11.2(b). Increasing trend of average global temperature (°C) and atmos-
pheric CO 2 concentration (ppm) and from 1957 to 2007 (data sources: EIA 2008; GISS
2008; ESRL 2010; EPI 2009)

11.2 International Status of China's Energy

China has been the world's largest energy producer since 2005 and the second
largest energy consumer (RGCEDS 2007). At the end of 2007, it was estimated
that China had proven oil reserves of 2.1 billion tonnes oil equivalent (toe), natural
gas reserves of 1.88 trillion m 3 , coal reserves of 114,500 million toe; this equates
to 1.3%, 1.1% and 13.5% of world total in those three energy types, respectively.
World primary energy consumption increased by 2.4% in 2007, which is less than
growth rate of 2.7% in 2006. As China's economy grows, so does its energy con-
sumption. In 2007, China's economic growth was 7.7%, the weakest since 2002,
and it again accounted for half of global energy consumption growth half of global
energy consumption growth (BP 2008).
Based on data from the China Energy Statistic Yearbook (DITSSSB and
EBNDRC 2007), China produced 1640.94 million toe of Primary Energy, and
consumed energy of 890.34 million toe in total in 2005, which ranked 14.31% and
12.92% of the world amounts, respectively, in that year. According to Statistical
Review of World Energy (BP 2008), China shared 4.8% of world oil, 2.4% of
world natural gas and 41.1% of the world coal in production ( Fig. 11.3a ) . In the
world consumption, China imported oil 9.3%, natural gas 2.3%, coal 41.2% and
hydroelectricity 15.4%. China's international share of nuclear energy consumption
was 0.08% in 1993, but stood at 2.3% in 2007. Tables 11.1 and 11.2 compare en-
ergy production and consumption of the top five countries, from 2002 to 2005.