Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 15.3
Herbs, Spices and Flavourings of Lesser Economic Importance.
Where grown and
used
Post-harvest
treatments
Item
Plant part used
End use
Ajowan (
Carum ajowan
;
Umbelliferae)
Middle East, India
Seed
Food flavouring,
medicine
(indigestion,
diarrhoea, asthma)
Dried or water
extract
Amchoor (
Mangifera
indica
; Anacardiaceae)
India
Unripe slices of
flesh
Food flavouring
Dried
Annatto (
Bixa orellana
;
Bixaceae)
Caribbean, tropical
America
Seed
Food colouring,
flavouring
Dried
Bengal cardamom
(
Amomum aromaticum
;
Zingiberaceae)
Asia, Australasia
Fruit, seed
Fresh or dried
—
Black caraway (
Bunium
persicum
; Umbelliferae)
Europe, North
Africa
Seed, tuber
Fresh or dried
—
Calamus (
Acorus calamus
;
Acoraceae)
India, northern
temperate
Rhizome
Tincture, fresh
—
Carob (
Ceratonia siliqua
;
Leguminosae)
Mediterranean,
Middle East,
India
Seed
Food flavouring
Dried and
powdered
Chinese pepper
(
Zanthoxylum bungei,
Z. acanthopodium
;
Rutaceae)
Asia, Africa,
Americas
Fruit
Food flavouring
Fresh or dried
Cubeb (
Piper cubeba
;
Piperaceae)
Java, Indonesia
Unripe berry
Food flavouring
Dried
Galangal (
Alpinia galanga,
A. officinarum
;
Zingiberaceae)
Indonesia,
Malaysia
Root
Food flavouring
Fresh or dried
and powdered
Garcinia (
Garcinia
cambogia, G. indica
;
Guttifeae)
Asia, South Africa
Pericarp of fruit
Food flavouring
Sun or smoke
dried (Raju &
Reni 2001)
Grains of paradise
(
Aframomum melegueta
;
Zingiberaceae )
Coast and islands
of West Africa
Seed
Food flavouring
Dried and
powdered
Guinea pepper (
Xylopia
aethiopica
;
Annonaceae)
Africa
Fruit
Food flavouring
Fresh or dried
Lemon balm (
Melissa
officinalis
; Labiatae)
Europe, Central
Asia, Iran
Leaves, terminal
shoot
Food flavouring
Fresh or dried
Lovage (
Levisticum
officinale
; Umbelliferae)
Mediterranean
Fruit, leaves,
roots
Food flavouring
Fresh or dried
Mastic (
Pistacia lentiscus
;
Anacardiaceae)
Middle East,
Turkey, Cyprus
Hard resin
Food flavouring
Pulverised
Mexican oregano (
Lippia
graveolens
;
Verbenaceae)
Africa, Americas
Leaves, terminal
shoot
Infusion
Fresh
