Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Chilli pepper (
Capsicum
frutescens
; Solanaceae)
Central and South America
Fruits
Fresh, dried, canned, flaked, powdered puréed or in sauces
2-3 years
Chocolate and cocoa
(
Theobroma cacao
;
Sterculiaceae)
Tropical America, West
Africa, Brazil, Mexico
Seeds or
beans
Dried, fermented and ground into liquid mass containing about
50% cocoa butter; mass may be combined with sugar, cocoa
solids, powdered or condensed milk or vanilla.
12 months
(plain
chocolate),
6 months
(milk
chocolate)
Cinnamon (
Cinnamomum
verum
syn.
C. zeylandicum
)
Sri Lanka, India, Brazil,
Caribbean
Inner bark
Rolled into sticks or powdered (Thomas & Duethi 2001)
2-3 years
Clove (
Eugenia
caryophyllus
;
Myrtaceae)
Indonesia, Zanzibar,
Madagascar, Caribbean,
Brazil, India, Sri Lanka
Unopened
flower
buds
Artificial or sun dried and stored in gunny bags. Whole or
ground (Nurdjannah & Bermawie 2001)
2-3 years
Cumin (
Cuminum cyminum
;
Umbelliferae)
Mediterranean, North
Africa, Middle East,
India, Americas
Seed
Sun dried, packed in cotton bags (Amin 2001), whole or
powdered
2-3 years
Curry leaf (
Murraya
koenigii
; Rutaceae)
India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia
Leaves
Oven dry at 50°C (Salikutty & Peter 2001), fresh or dried
(vacuum packed)
2-3 years
Fennel (
Foeniculum vulgare
;
Umbelliferae)
Mediterranean, India, Far
East
Seeds, stalks
and leaves
Seeds dried, used whole or crushed; stalks dried
Seeds: 2-3
years; fresh:
2 weeks
under MAP
Fenugreek (
Trigonella
foenum-graecum
;
Leguminosae)
India, Morocco, Egypt
Seed
Dried, powdered or sprouted
2-3 years
Garlic (
Allium sativum
;
Liliaceae)
Asia, worldwide
Bulb (cloves)
Cloves whole, fresh, dried, powdered, granulated, puréed;
combined with salt (garlic salt) (Pandey 2001)
2-3 years
Ginger (
Zingiber officinale
;
Zingiberaceae)
Southeast Asia, worldwide
in tropics
Rhizome
Fresh, dried, parboiled, skinned, bleached, limed, ground,
puréed, crystallised or candied; also in syrup as stem ginger
or preserved in sherry or vodka (Vasala 2001)
Fresh: 6 weeks
if
refrigerated,
2 years if
puréed, 2-3
years if
powdered
Horseradish (
Armoracia
rusticana
; Cruciferae)
Eastern Europe, United
Kingdom, United States
Root
Fresh whole or grated, dried, flaked or powdered
2-3 years
