Biochemistry of Fruits - Postharvest Biology and Technology of Fruits, Vegetables, and Flowers - page 32

Hexokinase

Glucose Glucose-6-phosphate

Hexosephosphate isomerase

ATP ADP

Fructose-6-phosphate

ATP
ADP

Dihydroxyacetone pghosphate

Phosphofructokinase

Triose phosphate
isomerase

Aldolase

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

NAD
NADH

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
dehydrogenase

1,3-Diphosphoglycerate

ADP

Glycerate-3-phosphate kinase

ATP

3-Phosphoglycerate 2-Phosphoglycerate

Phosphoglycerate mutase

NAD NADH

Enolase

ADP

ATP

Acetaldehyde

Ethanol

Pyruvate Phosphoenol pyruvate

Alcohol
dehydrogenase

Pyruvate
decarboxylase

NAD

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Anaerobic metabolism

CO 2 NADH

Acetyl CoA

Oxaloacetate

Malate
dehydrogenase

Citrate

Citrate synthse Aconitase

NADH
NAD

Malate

Isocitrate

CO 2

NAD

Citric acid cycle

Fumarase

NADH Isocitrate

dehydrogenase

NAD

FADH 2
FAD

Fumarate

α -Ketoglutarate

NADH

ATP ADP

CoA-SH

Succinate
dehydrogenase

Succinate

Succinyl CoA

CO 2

Succinate thiokinase

CoA-SH

Catabolism of sugars through glycolytic pathway and citric acid cycle.

Fig. 3.4

conditions, pyruvate can be metabolized to ethanol, which is a byproduct in several ripening
fruits.
There are two key regulatory steps in glycolysis: one mediated by phosphofructokinase
(PFK) and the other by pyruvate kinase. In addition, there are other types of modulation
involving cofactors and enzyme structural changes reported to be involved in glycolytic