Biomedical Engineering Reference
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FIGURE 12.8 (a) Photograph of a commercial mc-Si wafer with the right half covered by a close-packed monolayer of
250-nm silica particles assembled using the LB method. (b) Typical top-view SEM image of the right part of the wafer in (a).
(c) Photograph of a silicon wafer covered with a close-packed monolayer of 200-nm silica particles. (d) Top-view SEM image
of the sample in (c). Reprinted with permission from Appl Phys Lett 99 (2011), 191103. Copyright 2011, American Institute of
Physics. (For interpretation of color in this igure, the reader is referred to the web version of this topic.)
12.3.1 Crystalline Silicon Moth-Eye
Antireflection Coatings
However, due to the high refractive index
of silicon, more than 35% of incident light is
reflected back from the surface [3, 6, 53] . To
lower manufacturing costs and increase con-
version efficiency of solar cells, it is highly
desirable to develop inexpensive nanofabri-
cation techniques that enable large-scale pro-
duction of broadband ARCs with high coating
stability and durability for reducing reflection
over a broad range of wavelengths and angles
of incidence.
Crystalline silicon is widely used in fabricat-
ing solar cells [5] . The production of photovol-
taic panels is dominated by crystalline-silicon
solar cells with 98% of the market share. More
specifically, 36% of the 2004 production is
based on sc-Si, 58% on mc-Si, and 4% on thin-
film amorphous silicon (a-Si) [128] . Ideally, a
solar cell should absorb all available photons.
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