Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
as a natural phenomenon desired from the natural point of view, one may conclude
that rivers cause water rising while people cause
floods. The fact that rivers or other
kinds of waters in the environment are not the reason of
fl
fl
floods has far-reaching
consequences for the philosophy of
fl
flood control and the ways of increasing its
effectiveness. Noteworthy, in the
flood directive (Directive 2007/60/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on the assessment and
management of
fl
fl
flood risks) the question of losses was removed from the
fl
ood
de
nition and transferred to the notion of
fl
flood risk.
6.3 Land Reclamation and Flood Control from the Nature
Protection Point of View
Discussions on
ood
are tragic in their sizes reality. This favours seeing water management from the anti-
crisis standpoint and not as methodical, complex and long-term activities. In the
atmosphere of disaster and associated emotions, one often forgets that common
interests of nature protection,
fl
flood protection in Poland worsen when the losses caused by
fl
fl
flood control and land reclamation manifest them-
selves in
flood prevention and not during the action of emergency services. The
issues of land reclamation and
fl
flood control are closely associated with each other.
Floods are not generated in rivers but in the catchment basin, i.e., in areas with
functioning reclamation systems. Flood control is facilitated by the increased
catchment retentiveness and the increased retentiveness is facilitated by,
fl
i.a.,
appropriate reclamation.
Commonly used are the terms of large and small retention. Large retention
means water reserve contained in large, arti
cial water reservoirs while small
retention includes many elements (Mioduszewski 1999 , 2009 ):
surface water retention, in this number:
￿
regulation of water out
fl
ow from ditches and canals;
regulation of water out
ow from ponds and puddles;
utilisation of valley retention;
small water reservoirs
fl
biologically controversial;
damming natural running waters
as above;
retention of ground water:
￿
holding water in reclamation ditches and canals;
regulation of water out
ow from drainage networks;
phyto-reclamation, agri-reclamation;
limiting surface runoff;
increasing soil water capacity;
counter-erosion measures;
ponds and infiltration wells;
fl
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