Legumes and breeding under abiotic stress: An overview - Legumes Under Environmental Stress: Yield, Improvement and Adaptations - page 13

are needed to improve the effectiveness of these
approaches by further refining screening methods for
resistance to stresses and identifying new sources of
resistance genes in both cultivated and wild species.
There is a need to use diverse sources of resistance in
breeding programmes and to develop cultivars with
tolerance to multiple stress factors.
Mutagenesis facilitates an increase in genetic vari-
ability for resistance to abiotic stresses in food legumes.
Transgenic legumes provide a great chance, but genes
can flow from transgenics to wild relatives, leading to
environmental pollution when transgenics are grown in
the areas where wild relatives exist.
Modern techniques including all the 'omics', such as
proteomics, genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics,
will be helpful to study legume responses to abiotic
stresses. However, successful application of 'omics' to
abiotic constraints needs knowledge of stress responses at
the molecular level, which includes gene expression to
protein or metabolite and its phenotypic effects. Therefore,
research dealing with other techniques such as MAS or
even classical breeding will be able to take advantage of
the results obtained from these 'omics' technologies.
Based on the above-mentioned information we can
conclude that the support of biotechnology approaches
to conventional breeding methods would lead to
advancement in the development of improved cultivars
of food legumes with tolerance to abiotic stresses.

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