Agriculture Reference
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cloned genes that confer a high degree of resistance
and are resilient to biotic stress factors would be incor-
porated into the target species. Moreover, new gene
cocktails can be developed to avoid the issues observed
due to the virulent strains.
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15.9 Conclusion and future prospects
Biotic and abiotic stress factors, including pests, drought,
extremes in temperature and salinity, are the main con-
tributors to the decrease in legume yields worldwide.
The advent of modern biotechnology procedures has
helped in attaining two main goals; firstly, identification
of the molecular mechanisms involved in the stress
and disease process and, secondly, the incorporation of
this information for improving the quality and yield of
leguminous plants. However, the introduction of ge-
netic modification procedures into agriculture is met
with highly polarized attitudes around the world. Proper
understanding of the biotechnological procedures, along
with the advances in genomics, transcriptomics and
metabolomics, can aid the acceptance of these methods
by the general population. Moreover, efforts are
underway to develop safer and more effective method-
ologies for legume improvement by the comparative
analysis of protein expression profiles and functional
analysis. The isolation of a sufficient number of stress
resistance genes along with accurate delivery and anal-
ysis methods can, ultimately, help in developing
stress-resistant legumes.
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