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chapters. But even these have objectives that are far more limited than Mumford's
rhetorical flights of over fifty years ago that led him to conclude in his masterful
City in History that the major role of cities should be “the magnification of all the
dimensions of life” (Mumford 1961, 576). Such a goal seems implausible in the
light of most recent urban experiences. But by using more of the new themes that
have emerged in recent years it may yet be possible for us to at least substantially
improve current conditions and create more attractive, satisfying, liveable, sustain-
able and just cities, through processes that do not further harm our environment that
has nurtured us.
References
Alinsky, S. (1972). Rules for radicals . New York: Random House.
Campbell, T. (2012). Beyond smart cities: how cities network, learn and innovate . Abingdon:
Earthscan.
Dogliani, P. (2002). European municipalism in the first half of the twentieth century: The socialist
network. Contemporary European History, 11, 573-596.
Ewan, S., & Hebbert, M. (2007). European cities in a networked world during the long twentieth
century. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 25, 327-340.
Gehl, J. (2010). Cities are for people . Washington DC: Island Press.
Mumford, L. (1961). The city in history. London: Secker and Warburg.
Pl￶ger, J. (2008). Bilbao city report. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/3624/1/Bilbao. Accessed 26 March 2014.
EIU: http://www.eiu.com/liveability2012 . Accessed 30 June 2014.
MI: http://www.mercer.com/newsroom/2014-quality-of-living-survey.html . Accessed 20 June 2014.
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