Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 10.2
Employees by Economic Sector in Barcelona. (Source: Pareja Eastaway et al.
2008
)
Creative industries
% of total employees, 2006
Arts/antiques trade
3.8
Designer fashion
2.9
Architecture
1.4
Computer games, software, electronic publishing
1.1
Video, film, + radio and tv
1.0
Music, visual & performing arts
0.9
Publishing
0.7
Advertising
0.5
Knowledge industries
Law & other business services
3.3
Finances
2.6
ICT
2.3
R + D and higher education
1.2
Rest of activities
77.8
Total
100.0
retention and embedding of external talent in the city to develop what he described
as the Creative City. He identifies four specific creative city planning and design
goals that are essential for achieving this general objective.
The first is to
maintain authenticity and create distinctiveness
. One way of
achieving this is through retaining evidence of urban history in the built fabric. This
is an important strategy in promoting the city as a place with an interesting lineage,
rather than erasing the past. These issues need to be embraced and harnessed for
future growth.
The second is the adoption of a
small-scale approach to urban development.
The
retention of small independent shops, rather than the construction of chain stores
and big-box retailing, will produce a more sustainable urban area. Florida draws
heavily on Jacobs (
1961
) in suggesting that the scale of the neighbourhood is of
major significance in the fortunes of the overall city. These neighbourhoods should
have a clear sense of place and an attractive atmosphere.
The third is to create
attractions to appeal to younger people, their interests and
lifestyles
. Facilities such as caf￩s, bars, restaurants, distinctive shops, live music
venues and other forms of nightlife, plus other cultural activities, add to the overall
'buzz' of the urban area. Amenities that contribute to a better work-life balance will
prove attractive and popular.
The fourth relates to
measures to facilitate and support a diverse population.
This will include people with a range of lifestyle preferences, as well as an ethnic,
cultural or social variety. Rather than focusing on the development of strong, com-
munity ties, as advocated by a social capital approach (Putnam
1995
), it is felt that
