Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 2.5
Different morphologies of REF
nanoparticles obtained using
a microemulsion method: (A), (B) mixture of hexagonal,
triangular,
3
nanoparticles, (C)
quadrilateral, (D) hexagonal, (E) self-assembly of hexagonal
nanoparticles, and (F) ErF
and
quadrilateral
YF
3
particles [53].
3
)-based nanomaterials are widely
investigated and reported in the form of almost all the morphologies.
Ceria has a wide range of applications, including conversion
catalysts, solar cells, fuel cells, gates for metal oxide semiconductor
devices, and phosphors [55-59]. However, only a few of the reported
ceria 0D nanoparticles will be discussed here. Yang
Among others, Ceria (CeO
2
. [60]
reported a thermal decomposition method to produce ordered and
monodisperse nanocubes (Fig. 2.6a). By changing the concentration
of the reactants, the amount of stabilizing agents (oleic acid) and the
water/toluene ratio in the reaction system, the size and morphology
could be tuned. Using a hydrothermal method and Ce(NO
et al
)
, Yan
3
3
et al
(Fig. 2.6b). Careful
control of experimental conditions such as time, temperature,
additives, pH value, and concentration of the precursors provided
a way to grow CeO
. [61] reported nano-octahedrons of CeO
2
nanorods and nano-octahedrons. There are a
good number of reports that demonstrated controlled synthesis of
0D rare earth nanomaterials with many exciting properties such as
YPO
2
(Fig. 2.6c) as multicolor upconversion emitter [21], ultrasmall
4
Gd
O
(Fig. 2.6d) as multimodal imaging nanoprobes [25].
2
3
