Operators - Beginning Java 8 Fundamentals - page 131

Bitwise Operators
A bitwise operator manipulates individual bits of its operands. Bitwise operators are listed in Table 4-7 .

Table 4-7. List of Bitwise Operators

Operators Meaning Type Usage Result

& 25 & 24 24 Bitwise AND Binary

| 25 | 2 27

Bitwise OR Binary

^ 25 ^ 2 27 Bitwise XOR Binary

~ ~25 -26 Bitwise complement (1's complement) Unary

<< 25 << 2 100 Left shift Binary

>> 25 >> 2 6 Signed right shift Binary

>>> 25 >>> 2 6

Unsigned right shift Binary

&= , != , ^= , <<= , >>= , >>>= Compound assignment Bitwise operators Binary

All bitwise operators work with only integers. The bitwise AND (&) operator operates on corresponding bits of its
two operands and returns 1 if both bits are 1, and 0 otherwise. Note that the bitwise AND (&) operates on each bit of
the respective operands, not on the operands as a whole. The following is the result of all bit combination using the
bitwise AND ( & ) operator:

1 & 1 = 1
1 & 0 = 0
0 & 1 = 0
0 & 0 = 0

Consider the following piece of code in Java:

int i = 13 & 3;

The value of 13 & 3 is computed as follows. The 32 bits have been shown in 8-bit chunks for clarity. In memory,
all 32 bits are contiguous.

13 00000000 00000000 00000000 00001101
3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000011
----------------------------------------------
13 & 3 - 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 (Equal to decimal 1)

Therefore, 13 & 3 is 1, which is assigned to i in the above piece of code.
The bitwise OR ( | ) operates on corresponding bits of its operands and returns 1 if either bit is 1, and 0 otherwise.
The following is the result of all bit combinations using bitwise OR ( | ) operator:

1 | 1 = 1
1 | 0 = 1
0 | 1 = 1
0 | 0 = 0