Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Glossina austeni-S
(U64869)
DIPTERA
Glossina palpalis-S
(U64867)
COLEOPTERA
Glossina brevipalpis-S
(U64870)
HEMIPTERA
Sitophilus zeamais-P
(M85269)
Blastopsylla occidentalis-S
(AF077608)
Pantoea ananas
-S (Z96081)
Vibrio furnissii
(X76336)
Erwinia nigrifluens
(AJ233415)
Serratia marcescens
(AF286874)
Salmonella typhimurium
(AF276989)
Escherichia coli
(AE000452)
Aoyrthosiphon pisum-S
(M27040)
Bemisia tabaci-S
(M27040)
Yersinia pestis
(X89573)
Paratrioza cockerelli
(AF286127)
Planococcus citri-S
(AF322016)
Aphalaroide inermis-S
(AF263556)
Glossina austeni-P
(L37340)
Glossina mortisans-P
(L37339)
Glossina brevipalpis-P
(L37341)
Camponotus castaneus-P
(A1245594)
Camponotus balzani-P
(A1245596)
Camponotus silvicola-P
(A1245592)
Camponoyus socius-P
(A1245595)
Tsetse
DIPTERA
Carpenter Ant
HYMENOPTERA
Acyrthosiphon pisum-P
(M27039)
Rhopalosiphum maidis-P
(AF275248)
Aphid
Melaphis rhois-P
(M63255)
Siphonius phillyreae-P
(Z11925)
Trialeurodes vaporariorum-P
(Z11925)
Whitefly
HEMIPTERA
Bemisia tabaci-P
(Z11925)
Paratrioza cockerelli-P
(AF286119)
Trioza magnolieae-P
(AF077604)
Psylla floccosa-P
(AF286118)
Psyllid
Planococcus citri-P
(AF322017)
Ð 10 changes
FIGURE 4.1
Phylogenetic tree showing the taxonomic position of primary (P) and secondary (S) symbionts
characterized from insect species in distant orders determined by 16S rDNA sequence. Bold italicized names
indicate the free-living bacteria within
-proteobacteria. The nodes shown had bootstrap values above 50 using
the neighbor-joing method with 100 replications. The P-symbionts of the mealy bugs in the
m
-subdivision of
proteobacteria was used as the outgroup. The Genbank accession numbers for each 16S rDNA sequence are
indicated in parentheses.
c
phylogenetic differences based on their 16S rDNA sequence comparison, implying that this
symbiosis is recent in origin. Each tsetse species may have acquired the
symbiont
independently, or horizontal transfer events, which are common among the different tsetse
species, may have occurred. Interestingly, symbionts of the rice weevil (
Sodalis
Sitophilus)
and the
, which suggests that they share a recent
common ancestor (Figure 4.1). Despite their close taxonomic relatedness, the
psyllid (
Blastopsylla
)
form a close lineage with
Sodalis
sym-
biont, SOPE, appears to play an obligate role in its weevil host and is intracellular within the
bacteriome organ.
Sitophilus
, on the other hand, has a wide tissue prevalence in tsetse and is likely
facultative since it can survive in cell-free media
Sodalis
. Hence, comparative analysis of the
genomes from these two closely related organisms may help elucidate loci responsible for the
different functional biologies manifested in their respective tsetse and weevil hosts.
in vitro
