Global Positioning System Reference
In-Depth Information
A classical way to cope with the continuity of service is to consider GNSS for outdoors and
another solution for indoors, say WiFi, UWB or inertial systems. These types of approaches
are called hybridisation. Another approach, being currently investigated, is to find a
combination of techniques that would complement each other depending on the type of
environments, but not based on a dichotomy between indoors and outdoors. Indeed, a
specificity of positioning is that environments, indoors as well as outdoors, are much more
complex than imagined.
An example of the approach could be a coupling between repealites and an inertial system,
deployed in a very large building, such as warehouses or office blocks. In such a way, the
three techniques are used in turn where appropriate, and this does not mean just indoors or
outdoors. Outdoors where the sky is free, GNSS is used, but as soon as obstacles are present,
in urban canyons for example, a coupling with inertial is carried out. In places where too
few satellites are available, one or two additional repealites could be used. Indoors, the same
applies: a repealite system is deployed in rather a large area where one meter accuracy is
enough for direction determination and the propagation environment is not so important
that good SNR are easy to obtain. When a user is leaving these “great halls” and entering
offices or corridors, the inertial system is once again activated. Such a system is efficient in
all possible environments.
8. References
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